Bryce Canyon National Park (/braɪs/) is an American national park located in
southwestern Utah.The major feature of the park is Bryce Canyon,which despite
its name,is not a canyon,but a collection of giant natural amphitheaters
along the eastern side of the Paunsaugunt Plateau.Bryce is distinctive due to
geological structures called hoodoos,formed by frost weathering and stream
erosion of the river and lake bed sedimentary rocks.The red,orange,and white
colors of the rocks provide spectacular views for park visitors.Bryce Canyon
National Park is much smaller,and sits at a much higher elevation than nearby
Zion National Park.The rim at Bryce varies from 8,000 to 9,000 feet (2,400 to
2,700 m).

Bryce Canyon National Park
IUCN category II (national park)
BryceCanyon-Amphiteatre1.jpg
Map showing the location of Bryce Canyon National Park
Map showing the location of Bryce Canyon National Park
Location Garfield County and Kane County,Utah,United States
Nearest city Tropic,Panguitch
37°37′42″N 112°10′04″W / 37.62830°N 112.16766°W / 37.62830;
Coordinates -112.16766Coordinates: 37°37′42″N 112°10′04″W / 37.62830°N
112.16766°W / 37.62830; -112.16766
Area 35,835 acres (145.02 km^2)^[1]
Established February 25,1928
Visitors 2,679,478 (in 2018)^[2]
Governing body National Park Service
Website Official website Edit this at Wikidata

The Bryce Canyon area was settled by Mormon pioneers in the 1850s and was named
after Ebenezer Bryce,who homesteaded in the area in 1874.^[3] The area around
Bryce Canyon was originally designated as a national monument by President
Warren G.Harding in 1923 and was redesignated as a national park by Congress
in 1928.The park covers 35,835 acres (55.992 sq mi; 14,502 ha; 145.02 km^2)^
[1] and receives substantially fewer visitors than Zion National Park (nearly
4.3 million in 2016) or Grand Canyon National Park (nearly 6 million in 2016),
largely due to Bryce's more remote location.In 2016,Bryce Canyon received
2,365,110 recreational visitors,representing an increase of 35% from the prior
year.^[2]

Contents

GeographyEdit

Bryce Canyon National Park lies within the Colorado Plateau geographic province
of North America and straddles the southeastern edge of the Paunsaugunt Plateau
west of the Paunsaugunt Fault (Paunsaugunt is Paiute for "home of the beaver").
^[4] Park visitors arrive from the plateau part of the park and look over the
plateau's edge toward a valley containing the fault and the Paria River just
beyond it (Paria is Paiute for "muddy or elk water").The edge of the
Kaiparowits Plateau bounds the opposite side of the valley.

Bryce Canyon was not formed from erosion initiated from a central stream,
meaning it technically is not a canyon.Instead headward erosion has excavated
large amphitheater-shaped features in the Cenozoic-aged rocks of the
Paunsaugunt Plateau.^[4] This erosion exposed delicate and colorful pinnacles
called hoodoos that are up to 200 feet (60 m) high.A series of amphitheaters
extends more than 20 miles (30 km) north-to-south within the park.^[4] The
largest is Bryce Amphitheater,which is 12 miles (19 km) long,3 miles (5 km)
wide and 800 feet (240 m) deep.^[4] A nearby example of amphitheaters with
hoodoos in the same formation but at a higher elevation,is in Cedar Breaks
National Monument,which is 25 miles (40 km) to the west on the Markagunt
Plateau.^[5]

Rainbow Point,the highest part of the park at 9,105 feet (2,775 m),^[6] is at
the end of the 18-mile (29 km) scenic drive.^[4] From there,Aquarius Plateau,
Bryce Amphitheater,the Henry Mountains,the Vermilion Cliffs and the White
Cliffs can be seen.Yellow Creek,where it exits the park in the north-east
section,is the lowest part of the park at 6,620 feet (2,020 m).^[7]

ClimateEdit

The national park is located in southwestern Utah about 50 miles (80 km)
northeast of and 1,000 feet (300 m) higher than Zion National Park.^[8]^[5] The
weather in Bryce Canyon is therefore cooler,and the park receives more
precipitation: a total of 15 to 18 inches (380 to 460 mm) per year.^[9]^[7]
Yearly temperatures vary from an average minimum of 9 °F (−13 °C) in January to
an average maximum of 83 °F (28 °C) in July,but extreme temperatures can range
from −30 to 97 °F (−34 to 36 °C).^[7] The record high temperature in the park
was 98 °F (37 °C) on July 14,2002.The record low temperature was −28 °F
(−33 °C) on December 10,1972.^[10]

Climate data for Bryce Canyon National Park headquarters (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high 59 64 67 75 85 92 98 90 88 79 68 60 98
°F (°C) (15) (18) (19) (24) (29) (33) (37) (32) (31) (26) (20) (16) (37)
Average high 36.8 38.4 45.1 53.5 64.0 74.5 80.2 77.4 69.8 58.2 44.8 36.4 56.6
°F (°C) (2.7) (3.6) (7.3) (11.9) (17.8) (23.6) (26.8) (25.2) (21.0) (14.6) (7.1) (2.4) (13.7)
Daily mean °F 26.1 27.6 33.9 41.1 50.4 59.7 66.4 63.9 55.8 45.1 33.7 25.9 44.1
(°C) (−3.3) (−2.4) (1.1) (5.1) (10.2) (15.4) (19.1) (17.7) (13.2) (7.3) (0.9) (−3.4) (6.7)
Average low 15.4 16.7 22.7 28.7 36.9 44.8 52.6 50.3 41.8 32.0 22.6 15.4 31.7
°F (°C) (−9.2) (−8.5) (−5.2) (−1.8) (2.7) (7.1) (11.4) (10.2) (5.4) (0.0) (−5.2) (−9.2) (−0.2)
Record low °F −26 −26 −11 −3 13 21 28 23 16 0 −12 −23 −26
(°C) (−32) (−32) (−24) (−19) (−11) (−6) (−2) (−5) (−9) (−18) (−24) (−31) (−32)
Average 1.83 1.35 1.51 0.82 0.83 0.58 1.56 1.99 1.72 1.97 1.30 1.22 16.68
precipitation (46) (34) (38) (21) (21) (15) (40) (51) (44) (50) (33) (31) (424)
inches (mm)
Average 19.7 18.0 16.0 6.1 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.9 11.1 14.7 89.6
snowfall (50) (46) (41) (15) (2.0) (0.51) (0.0) (0.0) (0.25) (7.4) (28) (37) (227.16)
inches (cm)
Average
precipitation 5.9 6.7 6.9 5.6 5.4 4.1 7.7 9.9 7.0 6.1 4.7 5.6 75.5
days (≥ 0.01
in)
Average snowy
days (≥ 0.1 5.5 6.2 5.8 3.3 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.2 3.5 5.4 32.0
in)
Mean daily
sunshine 7.0 8.0 8.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 7.0 6.0 9.1
hours
Percent
possible 70 73 67 77 79 80 79 71 83 82 70 60 74
sunshine
Source #1: NOAA (extremes 1959–present)^[11]^[12]
Source #2: Weather Atlas (sunshine data) ^[13]

Climate data for Bryce Canyon National Park
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 14.0 14.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 10.0 12.2
daylight hours
Average
Ultraviolet 2 4 6 8 10 11 11 10 8 5 3 2 6.7
index
Source: Weather Atlas ^[13]

[800px-Bryce_Amphitheater_from_Sunrise_Point_Highres_2013] 

Bryce Amphitheater from Sunrise Point

HistoryEdit

Native American habitationEdit

Little is known about early human habitation in the Bryce Canyon area.
Archaeological surveys of Bryce Canyon National Park and the Paunsaugunt
Plateau show that people have been in the area for at least 10,000 years.
Basketmaker Anasazi artifacts several thousand years old have been found south
of the park.Other artifacts from the Pueblo-period Anasazi and the Fremont
culture (up to the mid-12th century) have also been found.^[14]

The Paiute Indians moved into the surrounding valleys and plateaus in the area
around the same time that the other cultures left.^[14] These Native Americans
hunted and gathered for most of their food,but also supplemented their diet
with some cultivated products.The Paiute in the area developed a mythology
surrounding the hoodoos (pinnacles) in Bryce Canyon.They believed that hoodoos
were the Legend People whom the trickster Coyote turned to stone.^[15] At least
one older Paiute said his culture called the hoodoos Anka-ku-was-a-wits,which
is Paiute for "red painted faces".^[14]

European American exploration and settlementEdit

[220px-Bryce_Cabin_circa_1881] 

Ebenezer Bryce and his family lived in this cabin below Bryce Amphitheater (c.
1881).

It was not until the late 18th and the early 19th century that the first
European Americans explored the remote and hard-to-reach area.^[14] Mormon
scouts visited the area in the 1850s to gauge its potential for agricultural
development,use for grazing,and settlement.^[14]

The first major scientific expedition to the area was led by U.S.Army Major
John Wesley Powell in 1872.^[14] Powell,along with a team of mapmakers and
geologists,surveyed the Sevier and Virgin River area as part of a larger
survey of the Colorado Plateaus.His mapmakers kept many of the Paiute place
names.^[4]

Small groups of Mormon pioneers followed and attempted to settle east of Bryce
Canyon along the Paria River.In 1873,the Kanarra Cattle Company started to
use the area for cattle grazing.^[14]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints sent Scottish immigrant
Ebenezer Bryce and his wife Mary to settle land in the Paria Valley because
they thought his carpentry skills would be useful in the area.The Bryce family
chose to live right below Bryce Amphitheater—the main collection of hoodoos in
the park.Bryce grazed his cattle inside what are now park borders,and
reputedly thought that the amphitheaters were a "helluva place to lose a cow."^
[3] He also built a road to the plateau to retrieve firewood and timber,and a
canal to irrigate his crops and water his animals.Other settlers soon started
to call the unusual place "Bryce's canyon",which was later formalized into
Bryce Canyon.

A combination of drought,overgrazing and flooding eventually drove the
remaining Paiutes from the area and prompted the settlers to attempt
construction of a water diversion channel from the Sevier River drainage.When
that effort failed,most of the settlers,including the Bryce family,left the
area.^[4] Bryce moved his family to Arizona in 1880.^[7] The remaining settlers
dug a 10-mile (16 km) ditch from the Sevier's east fork into Tropic Valley.^[4]

Creation of the parkEdit

[220px-Bryce_Canyon_Lodge] 

Bryce Canyon Lodge was built between 1924 and 1925 from local materials.

These scenic areas were first described for the public in magazine articles
published by Union Pacific and Santa Fe railroads in 1916.^[3] People like
Forest Supervisor J.W.Humphrey promoted the scenic wonders of Bryce Canyon's
amphitheaters,and by 1918 nationally distributed articles also helped to spark
interest.^[14] However,poor access to the remote area and the lack of
accommodations kept visitation to a bare minimum.

Ruby Syrett,Harold Bowman and the Perry brothers later built modest lodging,
and set up "touring services" in the area.^[14] Syrett later served as the
first postmaster of Bryce Canyon.Visitation steadily increased,and by the
early 1920s the Union Pacific Railroad became interested in expanding rail
service into southwestern Utah to accommodate more tourists.^[14]

Two story wood building next to flag pole with U.S.flag waving in the wind.
Snow on ground. 

Visitor center in winter

At the same time,conservationists became alarmed by the damage overgrazing,
logging,and unregulated visitation were having on the fragile features of
Bryce Canyon.A movement to have the area protected was soon started,and
National Park Service Director Stephen Mather responded by proposing that Bryce
Canyon be made into a state park.The governor of Utah and the Utah State
Legislature,however,lobbied for national protection of the area.Mather
relented and sent his recommendation to President Warren G.Harding,who on
June 8,1923 declared Bryce Canyon a national monument.^[14]

A road was built the same year on the plateau to provide easy access to
outlooks over the amphitheaters.From 1924 to 1925,Bryce Canyon Lodge was
built from local timber and stone.^[16]

Members of the United States Congress started work in 1924 on upgrading Bryce
Canyon's protection status from a national monument to a national park in order
to establish Utah National Park.^[16] A process led by the Utah Parks Company
for transferring ownership of private and state-held land in the monument to
the federal government started in 1923.^[14] The last of the land in the
proposed park's borders was sold to the federal government four years later,
and on February 25,1928,the renamed Bryce Canyon National Park was
established.^[17]

In 1931,President Herbert Hoover annexed an adjoining area south of the park,
and in 1942 an additional 635 acres (257 ha) was added.^[14] This brought the
park's total area to the current figure of 35,835 acres (14,502 ha).^[17] Rim
Road,the scenic drive that is still used today,was completed in 1934 by the
Civilian Conservation Corps.Administration of the park was conducted from
neighboring Zion National Park until 1956,when Bryce Canyon's first
superintendent started work.^[14]

More recent historyEdit

The USS Bryce Canyon was named for the park and served as a supply and repair
ship in the U.S.Pacific Fleet from September 15,1950,to June 30,1981.^[18]

Bryce Canyon Natural History Association (BCNHA) was established in 1961.^[19]
It runs the bookstore inside the park visitor center and is a non-profit
organization created to aid the interpretive,educational and scientific
activities of the National Park Service at Bryce Canyon National Park.A
portion of the profits from all bookstore sales are donated to public land
units.

Responding to increased visitation and traffic congestion,the National Park
Service implemented a voluntary,summer-only,in-park shuttle system in June
2000.In 2004,reconstruction began on the aging and inadequate road system in
the park.

GeologyEdit

Main article: Geology of the Bryce Canyon area
A large opening in red rock with snow on top 

Erosion of sedimentary rocks has created natural arches.

The Bryce Canyon area shows a record of deposition that spans from the last
part of the Cretaceous period and the first half of the Cenozoic era.The
ancient depositional environment of the region around what is now the park
varied.The Dakota Sandstone and the Tropic Shale were deposited in the warm,
shallow waters of the advancing and retreating Cretaceous Seaway (outcrops of
these rocks are found just outside park borders).^[20] The colorful Claron
Formation,from which the park's delicate hoodoos are carved,was laid down as
sediments in a system of cool streams and lakes that existed from 63 to about
40 million years ago (from the Paleocene to the Eocene epochs).Different
sediment types were laid down as the lakes deepened and became shallow and as
the shoreline and river deltas migrated.

Several other formations were also created but were mostly eroded away
following two major periods of uplift.The Laramide orogeny affected the entire
western part of what would become North America starting about 70 million to
50 million years ago.^[17] This event helped to build the Rocky Mountains and
in the process closed the Cretaceous Seaway.The Straight Cliffs,Wahweap,and
Kaiparowits formations were victims of this uplift.The Colorado Plateaus were
uplifted 16 million years ago and were segmented into different plateaus,each
separated from its neighbors by faults and each having its own uplift rate.^[6]
The Boat Mesa Conglomerate and the Sevier River Formation were removed by
erosion following this uplift.

Thor's Hammer 

Thor's Hammer

This uplift created vertical joints,which over time were preferentially
eroded.The soft Pink Cliffs of the Claron Formation were eroded to form
freestanding pinnacles in badlands called hoodoos,while the more resistant
White Cliffs formed monoliths.^[4] The brown,pink and red colors are from
hematite (iron oxide; Fe^
[2]O^
[3]); the yellows from limonite (FeO(OH)·nH^
[2]O); and the purples are from pyrolusite (MnO^
[2]).^[21] Also created were arches,natural bridges,walls,and windows.
Hoodoos are composed of soft sedimentary rock and are topped by a piece of
harder,less easily eroded stone that protects the column from the elements.
Bryce Canyon has one of the highest concentrations of hoodoos of any place on
Earth.

The formations exposed in the area of the park are part of the Grand Staircase.
The oldest members of this supersequence of rock units are exposed in the Grand
Canyon,the intermediate ones in Zion National Park,and its youngest parts are
laid bare in Bryce Canyon area.A small amount of overlap occurs in and around
each park.

EcologyEdit

Trees with snow on them 

Bryce Canyon has extensive fir forests.

More than 400 native plant species live in the park.There are three life zones
in the park based on elevation:^[16] The lowest areas of the park are dominated
by dwarf forests of pinyon pine and juniper with manzanita,serviceberry,and
antelope bitterbrush in between.Aspen,cottonwood,water birch,and willow
grow along streams.Ponderosa pine forests cover the mid-elevations with blue
spruce and Douglas fir in water-rich areas and manzanita and bitterbrush as
underbrush.Douglas fir and white fir,along with aspen and Engelmann spruce,
make up the forests on the Paunsaugunt Plateau.The harshest areas have limber
pine and ancient Great Basin bristlecone pine,some more than 1,600 years old,
holding on.^[15]

The forests and meadows of Bryce Canyon provide the habitat to support diverse
animal life including foxes,badgers,porcupines,elk,black bears,bobcats,
and woodpeckers.^[15] Mule deer are the most common large mammals in the park.^
[15] Elk and pronghorn,which have been reintroduced nearby,sometimes venture
into the park.^[15]

[170px-Young_mule_deer_i] 

A mule deer fawn

Bryce Canyon National Park forms part of the habitat of three wildlife species
that are listed under the Endangered Species Act: the Utah prairie dog,the
California condor,and the southwestern willow flycatcher.^[22] The Utah
prairie dog is a threatened species that was reintroduced to the park for
conservation,and the largest protected population is found within the park's
boundaries.^[23]

About 170 species of birds visit the park each year,including swifts and
swallows.^[7] Most species migrate to warmer regions in winter,although jays,
ravens,nuthatches,eagles,and owls stay.^[15] In winter,the mule deer,
cougars,and coyotes migrate to lower elevations.^[15] Ground squirrels and
marmots pass the winter in hibernation.^[15]

Eleven species of reptiles and four species of amphibians have been found in
the park.^[24] Reptiles include the Great Basin rattlesnake,short-horned
lizard,side-blotched lizard,striped whipsnake,and the tiger salamander.^[24]

Also in the park are the black,lumpy,very slow-growing colonies of
cryptobiotic soil,which are a mix of lichens,algae,fungi,and cyanobacteria.
Together these organisms slow erosion,add nitrogen to soil,and help it to
retain moisture.

ActivitiesEdit

A line of snowshoers with colorful rock cliff in background. 

Snowshoes are required for winter hiking.

Most park visitors sightsee using the scenic drive,which provides access to 13
viewpoints over the amphitheaters.Bryce Canyon has eight marked and maintained
hiking trails that can be hiked in less than a day (round trip time,
trailhead):^[25] Mossy Cave (one hour,State Route 12 northwest of Tropic),Rim
Trail (5–6 hours,anywhere on rim),Bristlecone Loop (one hour,Rainbow Point),
and Queens Garden (1–2 hours,Sunrise Point) are easy to moderate hikes.Navajo
Loop (1–2 hours,Sunset Point) and Tower Bridge (2–3 hours,north of Sunrise
Point) are moderate hikes.Fairyland Loop (4–5 hours,Fairyland Point) and
Peekaboo Loop (3–4 hours,Bryce Point) are strenuous hikes.Several of these
trails intersect,allowing hikers to combine routes for more challenging hikes.

The park also has two trails designated for overnight hiking: the 9-mile
(14 km) Riggs Spring Loop Trail and the 23-mile (37 km) Under-the-Rim Trail.^
[26] Both require a backcountry camping permit.In total there are 50 miles
(80 km) of trails in the park.

Horseriders on a dirt trail going toward pillars of pink rock 

Horseback riders in the park

More than 10 miles (16 km) of marked but ungroomed skiing trails are available
off of Fairyland,Paria,and Rim trails in the park.Twenty miles (32 km) of
connecting groomed ski trails are in nearby Dixie National Forest and Ruby's
Inn.

The air in the area is so clear that on most days from Yovimpa and Rainbow
points,Navajo Mountain and the Kaibab Plateau can be seen 90 miles (140 km)
away in Arizona.^[27] On extremely clear days,the Black Mesas of eastern
Arizona and western New Mexico can be seen some 160 miles (260 km) away.^[27]

The park also has a 7.4 magnitude night sky,making it one of the darkest in
North America.^[28] Stargazers can,therefore,see 7,500 stars with the naked
eye,while in most places fewer than 2,000 can be seen due to light pollution,
and in many large cities only a few dozen can be seen.Park rangers host public
stargazing events and evening programs on astronomy,nocturnal animals,and
night sky protection.The Bryce Canyon Astronomy Festival,typically held in
June,attracts thousands of visitors.In honor of this astronomy festival,
Asteroid 49272 was named after the national park.^[29]

There are two campgrounds in the park,North Campground and Sunset Campground.^
[30] Loop A in North Campground is open year-round.Additional loops and Sunset
Campground are open from late spring to early autumn.The 114-room Bryce Canyon
Lodge is another way to stay overnight in the park.^[31]

See alsoEdit

●  Media related to Bryce Canyon National Park at Wikimedia Commons (image
gallery)

• List of national parks of the United States

NotesEdit

1.^ ^a ^b "Listing of acreage as of December 31,2011".Land Resource
Division,National Park Service.Retrieved March 6,2012.
2.^ ^a ^b "NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report".National Park Service.
Retrieved March 6,2019.
3.^ ^a ^b ^c Kiver 1999,p. 523
4.^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ^i Harris 1997,p. 46
5.^ ^a ^b Harris 1997,p. 44
6.^ ^a ^b Harris 1997,p. 53
7.^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e The Hoodoo (Summer 2005)
8.^ "When to go".Bryce Canyon National Park.Frommer's.
9.^ Tufts 1998,p. 71
10.^ "Minimum of Minimum Temperature,Station id: 421006".wrcc.dri.edu.
Western Regional Climate Center.July 21,2017.Retrieved July 22,2017.
11.^ "NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data".National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.Retrieved November 3,2013.
12.^ "UT Bryce Canyon NP HQRS".National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.Retrieved September 28,2016.
13.^ ^a ^b "Bryce Canyon National Park,Utah,USA - Monthly weather forecast
and Climate data".Weather Atlas.Retrieved January 27,2019.
14.^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ^i ^j ^k ^l ^m ^n Tufts 1998,p. 73
15.^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h NPS visitor's guide
16.^ ^a ^b ^c The Hoodoo (Summer 2005),p.5
17.^ ^a ^b ^c Kiver 1999,p. 524
18.^ "Bryce Canyon (AD-36)".Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.Navy
Department,Naval History and Heritage Command.Retrieved September 15,
2016.
19.^ "About Us".Bryce Canyon Natural History Association.Archived from the
original on September 25,2008.Retrieved November 16,2008.
20.^ Harris 1997,p. 51
21.^ Harris 1997,p. 50
22.^ NPS Web site,Bryce Canyon (archived home page)
23.^ "Bryce Canyon National Park: Utah Prairie Dog".National Park website.
National Park Service,US Department of the Interior.February 22,2007.
Retrieved November 17,2008.
24.^ ^a ^b NPS website,Reptiles and Amphibians
25.^ The Hoodoo (Summer 2005),p.6
26.^ The Hoodoo (Summer 2005),p.7
27.^ ^a ^b NPS website,Farview
28.^ The Hoodoo (Summer 2005),p.9
29.^ IAU: Minor Planet Center."Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor
Planets (45001)-(50000)".Retrieved May 22,2007.
30.^ NPS website,Campgrounds
31.^ NPS website,Lodging

ReferencesEdit

• Harris,Ann G.; Tuttle,Esther; Tuttle,Sherwood D.(1997).Geology of
National Parks (5th ed.).Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.ISBN 0-7872-5353-7
.
• Kiver,Eugene P.; Harris,David V.(1999).Geology of U.S.Parklands (5th
ed.).New York: Jonh Wiley & Sons.ISBN 0-471-33218-6.
• NPS contributors.Bryce Canyon visitors guide.Washington,D.C.: National
Park Service.(public domain text)
• NPS contributors (Summer 2005)."Park Planner,Hiking and Shuttle Guide".
The Hoodoo.Washington,D.C.: National Park Service.
• NPS contributors (2007)."Bryce Canyon National Park official website".
Washington,D.C.: National Park Service.Retrieved November 16,2008.
• Tufts,Lorraine Salem (1998).Secrets in The Grand Canyon,Zion and Bryce
Canyon National Parks (3rd ed.).North Palm Beach,Florida: National
Photographic Collections.ISBN 0-9620255-3-4.

Further readingEdit

• DeCourten,Frank (1994).Shadows of time : the geology of Bryce Canyon
National Park.Photographs by John Telford,illustrations by Hannah
Hinchman.Bryce Canyon,Utah: Bryce Canyon Natural History Association.
ISBN 9781882054060.
• Kiver,Eugene P.; Harris,David V.(1999).Geology of U.S.parklands (5th
ed.).New York: J.Wiley.ISBN 9780471332183.
• Sprinkel,Douglas A.; Chidsey,Thomas C.,Jr.; Anderson,Paul B.,eds.
(2010).Geology of Utah's parks and monuments (Third ed.).Salt Lake City,
Utah: Utah Geological Association.ISBN 9780980048919.

External linksEdit

Bryce Canyon National Parkat Wikipedia's sister projects

• ● Media from Wikimedia Commons
• ● Travel guide from Wikivoyage

• ●  Geographic data related to Bryce Canyon National Park at OpenStreetMap
• Bryce Canyon National Park Service information / U.S.Department of the
Interior.
• Bryce Canyon National Park: Hoodoos Cast Their Spell,a National Park
Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
• Maps
• Bryce Canyon National Park — slideshow by Life magazine
• Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. UT-71,"Bryce Canyon
National Park Rim Road,State Highway 63 to Rainbow Point,Tropic,Garfield
County,UT",22 photos,3 color transparencies,25 data pages,3 photo
caption pages

*
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=
Bryce_Canyon_National_Park&oldid=900625730"
Last edited on 6 June 2019,at 18:40

Wikipedia

Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless otherwise noted.

• Terms of Use
• Privacy
• Desktop